![]() They had to cross busy railroad tracks and wait for a rickety old bus to take them to school even though there was a new neighborhood school closer to her home. TOPEKA, KANSAS 8 year old Linda Brown and her two sisters had to walk six blocks to get to school. Heat was a luxury many schools did not have. Schools lacked electricity, running water and bathrooms. 61 “colored” schools were also located in Summerton. White children from the Summerton area attended this red brick building with a separate lunchroom and science laboratories. Teaching materials were poor or nonexistent. ![]() Teachers were qualified, but only African Americans could teach black children. ![]() Many buildings were falling apart and were unsafe. The books were often worn out and outdated (if there were books!). The Supreme Court established a “separate but equal” policy which would guide racial relations for sixty years. Homer Plessy sued the state of Louisiana for jailing him because he refused to sit in a railroad car reserved for blacks only. Members rode around whipping, burning and lynching thousands of African Americans. The Ku Klux Klan (KKK) was a secret society created in 1865. A grandfather clause was written into this law too so that white citizens whom are unable to read could still vote. Citizens would be required to read a section of the Bible or any other book before being allowed to vote. Literacy Tests-This refers to the practice of testing the literacy of citizens as a requirement of voting in Southern states.The poll tax was used against poor blacks as a means to prevent them from voting. There was a grandfather clause written in so that anyone whose ancestors had voted could vote for free. ![]() These required each voter to pay a tax to vote.
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